The Thai people of northern Vietnam worship a myriad of things including their ancestors, the heavens, and the earth. Mainly farmers, each year the Thai perform rituals and pray for good crops. There are several subsets of the Thai people, such as the Black, White, and Red Thai.

There is no known Christian among the 13,000 Lati people living in northern Vietnam.

A typical Pa Hng home is only complete with an ancestor altar. The Pa Hng (also called Pa Then) are avid ancestor worshippers, often calling on the spirits of the dead to share in feasts and protect the family from injury and sickness. Pa Hng people feed their ancestors by placing rice and meat on the table for them each meal.

Hani legends tell of a lost book containing their own script. As the legend goes, the Creator God wrote their script on buffalo skin, but during a long journey, the Hani people became hungry and ate the book, leaving them without a written language.